Abrading machine



July 29, 1930. A. B. FOWLER ABRADING MACHINE Filed May 1, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l y 9, 1930. A. B. FOWLER ABRADING MACHINE Filed May 1, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2' Patented July 29, 1930 unrrsn smrss PATENT OFFICE ALFRED Brownian, or BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS, Assrenon TO UNITED SHOE Ma cnmnnr CORPORATION, on PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION on NEW JERSEY s ABRADING MACHINE Application filed May 1, 1924. serial No. 110,347.

This invention relates to abrading machines and is herein illustrated as embodied in a machine for grinding the chopping knives of jointing machines suchas are used for trimming the edges of the shanks of soles.

An example of a jointing machine such as above referred'to may be found in United States Letters Patent No. 1,030,605,. granted June 25, 1912, to'F. H. Perry. As fully explained in said Letters Patent, jointing machines are provided'with a trimming knife and a pair of chopping knives. The trimming knife has opposite right and left cutting edges arranged respectively to trim the right andleft edges-of the shank portlon of a shoe sole in the region of theheel breast, the knife blade being curved transversely with respect to its opposite cutting edges to impart a rounded contour-to the edge of the sole and the knife moving along the sole edge inwardly toward the heel breast to make its trimming cut. The chopping knives reciprocate in paths parallel to the breast of the heel to cut off the curved chip's leftby the trimming knife. To insure that the chopping knives will just sever these chips without cutting into the shank beyond the rounded edge out by the trimming knife, the tr1mming and chopping kl'llVGS5AVllll6 dlffering 1n 0 form, have one contour common to both, the cutting edges ofthe chopping knives bemg shaped, viewing the knives laterally, to correspond to the transverse curvature of the blade of the trimming knife. To enable the chopping knives to continue to out as'above described it is obviously necessary that they must be ground so as to preserve the abovementioned identity of contour and a machrne for thus grinding the chopping knives 1s dis- 1,400,767, to F. H; Perry, dated December 20, 1921. In the grinding machine of the Letters Patent just referred to, the trimmlng knifewith which the chopping knivesare associated in the jointing 'machine is utilized as a pattern to control the grinding of the chopping knives so that the latter will be accurately ground to the requislte contour.

One object of the presentinvention 15 to provide an improved abrading machine closed in United States Letters Patent No.

which will be organized to insure even greater accuracy inthe grinding of cutters,

such as the chopping knives of jointing machines, however abrupt the curvature and I ahrading element and aworki carrierarranged "for relative oscillatory movement to- V ward and from each other and also for rela-x tive movement in a path transverse to that of said oscillatory movement, of means for controlling the action of the abrading element upon the work, comprising a templet located at the same side of the axis of said oscillatory movement as the abrading element, and at a distance from said axis which -is substantially less than the distance between said axis and the work. H Bylocating the templet, nearer the axis of oscillation of the work holder than the work itself, the movement imparted by the templet to the work, carrier will be multiplied so that the work will be moved through a greater distance than the portion of the work carrier which engages the templet. As illustrated, the templet is located substantiallyhalf way between the axis of 0scillation of the ,work support and the point of contact of the work with the abrading element and accordingly the work is moved substantially twice as far as the portion of the work carrier which engages the templet. Consequently in designing a templet for use in the illustrated machine to control, the

grinding of a cutter having a cutting edge of a given curvature, the distance between the high and low points of the templet needbe only substantially half as great as the distance between the corresponding points in the edge of the cutter, while the linear dis tances between the corresponding points e. their abscissas) on the templet and on the work are equal. This gives to the contour of the templet a'diflerent shape from thatot I the grinding machine with their cutting edgesthe work. In other words, the curvature and inclination at different parts of the templet may be made respectively less abrupt and less steep than the curvature and inclination of corresponding parts in the edge of the cutter in any given unit of length. The shape of the templet is thus geometrically dissimilar to the shape of the cutter. As a result, the follower or other portion engageable with the templet will ride more readily and smoothly thereover and increased accuracy in the grinding will be effected. Furthermore, by locating both the abrading element and the templet at the same side'of the axis of oscillation of the work carrier, the templet will be directly effective to move the cutter against the abraiding element and will I thus control the grinding in a thoroughly reliable manner. Such an arrangement also enables the relatively movable operative parts of the abrading machine to be more compactly disposed and permits the use of a work carrier of simplified construction.

The illustrated machine is designed to grind both the right and left chopping knives of a jointing machine at each grinding operation. To this end the knives are arranged in opposed so that the cutting edges ofthe two knives form a single reentrant curve, and

the guiding face of the templet is formed with j a corresponding convex curvature the height of which is substantially only half as great as the depth of the reentrant curve formed by the edges of the knives. i i

It is desirable that thesame amount of material shall be removed from each knife at'each grinding operation so that one kni-fe will not become worn away to such an extent that it will have to be discarded while. the other knife is capable of being further used; To insure that the knives of each pair shall be uniformly worn awayby successive grinding operations to whichthey are subjected,

means is provided, in accordance with another feature of the mventlon, for locating the knives of each pair relatively to each other with their curved cutting edges symmetrically disposed, or in other words, with corresponding points in their cutting edges transversely alined in a plane parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel. In the illustrated embodiment of the V invention, the knives are mounted upon a knife block with the knife shanks arranged beside each other in the same plane, and the means for relatively locating the knives comprises two gage members'in the form -of'pins' which project from the knifebloc'k and are adapted to be engaged by the free extremities of the knife shanks, f

T0 compensate for the wear-inga'way of the grinding wheel, it is desirable to provide for adjustment "of the knives trans versely of-theax-i's of the grindingwheel; In

order that such adjustment of the knives shall not result in the grindingof the cutting edges of different pairs of knives to different contours, provision is made, in accordance with a further feature of the invention, for adjusting the knife support and the templet in unison transversely of the axis of the grinding wheel. As illustrated, the

knife support and the templet are mounted upon a slide which is vertically adjustable and means is provided for convenientlyadjusting the slide, said means preferably being of such character as to maintain any given adjustment of the slide without the use of special locking devices forthis purpose.

A further feature of the invention consists in the provision of means for locating the knives in unison relatively to the movable knife support so that-the cutting edges of the knives will be beveled at the same angle irrespective of adjustments of the knife slide which may have been made for the purpose of compensating for the wearing away of the grinding wheel. To this end, as herein shown,,the knife block is mounted upon a knife block support with provision for adjustment toward and from the grinding wheel and a movable gage is provided for locating the knife block relatively to the knife block support by engagement with the transversely alined inner ends of the cutting edges of the knives. Preferably the gage is pivotally connected with the knife block support and the construction is such that after the gage has been used to locate the knives, it may be swungclear of the knives and retained in an inoperative position where it will not interfere with the grinding operation.

These andother features of the invention, including certain details of construction and combinations of parts, will be described in connection with an illustrative machine and pointed out in the appended-claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an abrading machine constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig.2 is a perspective view of a portion of the machine showing particularly the means for adjusting the knife block sup ort transversely with respect to the grinding Wheel and for reciprocating said support;

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the knife block support and the grinding wheel;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view showing particularly the knife block, the knives, and the grinding wheelyand Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pair of knives of the types which'the present machine is adapted to grind.

Referring to the drawings, the operativ parts of the improved'abrading machine are supported upon a frame or bracket 10 which is adapted to be rigidly secured to the frame of a jointing machine or other machine the knives hf which are to be ground. Rising from the bracket lOare spaced standards 12, 12 in WlliGlllS journaled the. shaft 14 of a grinding Wheel16. Apulley' 18 secured to r or lever; 24 fulcruined at its lower end for rocking movement upon a fixed guide rod 26 Wh1ch isparallelto-theams ofthe grinding Wheel. 1 'llhe'gguide rod 26 iscarriedbyaa slide 28 whichxis'vertically' adjustable in Ways 30 formed behind gibs 32 secured to a dee Pend g portion 34 of thebracket 10] To em able the knife holder support 24 to slide on the guide rod 26 easily and Withoutcramping; the lower end of the knife support is connected by a web 36 Withabearing 38*which encircles the guide rod at the opposite side of the slide 28 from the upwardly extending portion ofthe knife holder support 24.

The slide 28 is capable of beingadjusted vertically to compensate-for Wearing'away of the grinding wheel by'means of a vertical screw shaft 40 which is mounted to turn freely in a ing 42 formed upon the rear face of the slide 28 and threadedat its upper 'end; into an enlargement 44 on the depending portion 34 of the bracket 10. Longitudinal movement of the screwshaft '40 relatively to the slide 28 is prevented by means of a collar 46 and the'hub of a'worm Wheel 48, said colknife support.

lar encircling the shaft" and bearing against the upper side of the lug 42, and said hub being also carried bysaid shaftiand engaging the lower side of said lug. The worm wheel 48 is adapted to be turned by "an in-' termeshingWorm 5O carried'by a horizontal shaft'52 journaled in bearing lugs 54, 54 depending from the forward extension of the slide 28. The Worm shaft 52 extends forwardly from the screw shaft 40 and is provided With a hand wheel 1 56 by means of which it may be conveniently turned to effect vertical adjustment of the knife support. The Worm serves to lock the Worm Wheel 48 against accidental rotation and thus serves to maintain the vertical adjustment of the The sliding movement of the knife holder support 24on the guide rod 26 is effected by means of a hand lever 60 fulcrumed upon a stud 62 fcarried by an arm 64 formed. as a rigid part of the slide 28. The hand lever 60 carriesa pin 66 which is received in a groove 68 formed in'the lower portion of the knife support 24. By swinging the lever 60 back and forth, the knives may be reciprocated across the periphery of the grinding Wheel so that'they may be ground as Will hereinafter he described. The extent of sliding movement of the knife holder support 24 is limited by the engagement of portions of said sup'portwith stopfacesfi'i, 69 on the slide28.

The rocking; movements of the'knife support 24 for the purpose of moving the knives toward and from the grinding wheel, as they are also reciprocated transversely *to the planeof the axis ofthe wheely 'are under the control of s eer a plurality of templets 70 carried bythe slide 28,said-tem let being engaged byafollower 72in the ormof a pin pro ectingfrOm the knife support24. *The templets 70'are secured; *bymeans such} as serews'74 ,'tothe radial arms of a-turret 76 whichis' rotatably mounted upon a horizontal spindle 78 carried by s lug 80 projecting forwardly from the slide "28. The' turret is prevented from moving longitudinally upon the spindle78 by ineans-ofthelug 80 on the spindle78 which engages theo'pposite end of the turret? The severaliteniplets 70] are of diiferent shapes to correspond with the curvatures'of the cutting knives' for differentclasscs of work-f To {enable aselgcted tern let to be positioned fonc'ooper'ation' with t e fol lower 72, the turret 76 is formed witliadisklike flange 84atthe end-adjacenttothe sup porting lug 180, i said flange having perforations 86 corresponding to theseveral tem plets anda spring-pressed plunger :88 car;

riedby the lug' 80 is adapted to engage the perforation 86 corresponding to a selected tenip'let' to lock the turret 7 6 against rotation and thus to hold the selected templet rigidly in operative position. A-headQO on the plun'ger88 enables the plunger to be' r'cadily withdrawn so thatl'the turret 176 may be tiverelati'on tothe'follower72i y A "pair of knives flare: s hownz' in -fiFig. 5 These'knives which are thef so-calledjchopping knives of the jointing machine, are formed with fiat shanks'92 and with cuttingedges 94 which are curvedflto correspond. with the transverse curvature of the'trimming knives of the jointing machine. As shown, theportions of each cutting edgenear turned to bring another templetdnto operathe pointed ektremit of the knife blade are sharply inclined an the curvature of each cutting edge nearjthe end .remotewfr'om' its' pointedextremityis quite abrupt To enable the knivesto operate upon the right'and left sides of the shoe shanks,the cutting edges of the knives are oppositely curved, i. e., the curvature of the cutting edge of each knife is therever'se ofthecurvature of the cutting edge of the other knife. j

' The present machine ;is designed' to grind a pair'of rightan-dleft knives at each grind? ingoperation.Tothis end, the knives are mounted closetogether with their shanks in lateral edgewise alinernentjupon the knife block or holder 22and with the curved cut ting edges of thekiiives opposed. With this relative arrangementof the knives the grind ing operation commences at the'pointedew tremity of one of the knives and proceeds along the cutting edge to the inner end thereing the lateral sliding movement of the knife block support in the same direction the knife.

block support ;will be rocked to move the knife block away from the grinding wheel so that the other knife will be ground.

To. en-ablethe knives to be relatively arranged as above described, they are mounted and located upon the'knife block 22in the following inannen, As shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the-upper faceof the knife block or holder 22 has formed therein two pairs of dovetailed waysor grooves .98 which, are adapted to receivetheshanks of thezknives. The knife block 22 is split lengthwise of the ways, as indicated at 1.00, 100, to enable the block to acontracted so that the beveled sides of :each of the ways 98, .98 may be clampedagainst the respective edges of the knife shanks. This clamping action is effectedby means ofa clamp screw 102 which extends'through the knife block below the ways 98, 98 and which is threaded into the further side of the knife block, the clamp screw serving to .draw'opposed sides .of the ways together, thus providing a common means for clamping both knives in position upon the "knife .iblock. i

To provide for the grinding of the knives of each. air so that they will be worn away uniform y by successive grinding operations,

a pair of knife locating pins 104, ,104 project from the upper :face of the knife block in front-of the ways .98. These pins-are located in a planeparallel totheax-is of the grinding wheel and are adapted to e age the free extremities of the knife shan s, as clearly show-11in Fig. 4.

'Theknife block 22 is adjustable relatively to the knife block support '24 tow-ardand from the grinding wheeland means is. provided for locating the knife block relatively to its support to .predetermine the point upon thegrinding wheel which will be engaged by the knife ,To .permit adjustment .of the knife block-a dovetailed groove 10.6 is formedin the lower side of jthewblock to receive a correspondinglyshaped rib 108 on the knife block support 24. The knifeblock is spli as shown at 110 so thatthe lower portion of the block may contracted 'b means-of a bolt 112.ca-rried vby the knife .b, oak and thus the knife block may "be firmly clamped in adjusted wposition upon the knife iblock sup port. The portionof thesupport 2.4.110 which the-knife block i se u ed .isinc 'in d -.down- 'w i i ly to a d the grinding wheel,v as shown clearly in Figs :1 and ,*:& d in under to pre- -=vent;ithe ilmi fe' block .vfrom accidentally sliding down this inclined face and falling off from the support when the bolt 112 is loosened, a screw 114 is threaded through an car 116 on the knife block support and is arranged to engage a pin 118 which projects from the side of the knife block.

'The means for locating the knife block relatively to the support 24 comprises a ga e l20 which is pivoted at 122 to a forwardly extending arm 124 onthe knife support 24.

The gage is formed with a hooked free extremity l26 forrning a shoulder 128, for engagement. with the opposed'inner ends of the cutting edges of the knives when the gage is swung backwardly into the operative position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. The gage supporting arm 124 is bifurcated as shown in Fig. 1 to permit the gage, when not in use, to. be swung forwardly into the inoperative position shown by full lines in Fig. 3, in which position it. will not interfere With the grinding operation.

It will appear from an examination ofFig. 3 that the knives are located by the gage 120 so that their cutting edges will engage the periphery of the grinding wheel at points substantially in the vertical plane of the axis of the wheel. Consequently when the knife carrier 24 is adjusted vertically by means hereinbefore described to compensate for wearinglaway of the grindin wheel, the knives will still engage the perlphery of the wheel in the same vertical plane and therefore will be presented at the same angle to the periphery irrespective of how much the same angle of bevel is obtained at the cutting edges of the knives whether the diameter of the grinding wheel is large or small. The socalled bevel imparted to the knives by the grinding wheel will not of course be absolutely flat but will be slightly curved to correspond to the curvature of the periphery of the grinding wheel; and while the degree of curvature of the knife edge will vary slightly as the diameter of the grinding wheel is reduced, this variation will be so slight as to be negligible in so far as it affects the operation of the knives.

' In using the above-described machine for grinding a pair of chopping knives, the turret 76 is turned, if necessary, to bring'into operative position the templet corresponding to the shape of the knives to be ground. The shanks of the knives are inserted in the grooves 98in the knife block 92 and pushed forwardly in the grooves until the free ends ofthe shanks engage the gage pins 102 whereby the knives are located with their cutting edges symmetrically disposed or with corresponding points therein transversely alined. The clamp screw 102 is then tightened to clamp both knives rigidly in adjusted positions in the knife block. The gage 102 is the shoulder 128 in back of the adjacent inner ends of the cutting edges of the knives. The clamp screw 112 beingloosened, the knifeblock isfladjusted until the adjacent inner ends of-the cutting, edges are brought nto i engagement with the shoulder oflthe gage.

The knives are therebylocated with the outer end of one ofthe, cutting edges n engages ment withthe periphery of the grinding inoperative position. The knife. support is then moved back and forth .upon the guide rod 26 by means of the hand lever 60. j As the knife support is thus reciprocated, the fol: .ower 100 rides over the curved edge face of the templet and the knives ar e caused, to be moved toward and from the grindingwheel, so that first one knife and then the other 1s ground progressively from end'to end of its cutting edge. templet is shaped to cause both knlves to be groundto the same contour and inasmuclras there are no abruptly curved. or steeply 1nclined portions in the guiding face of the templet accuracy of grinding is insured.

' The invention having been described, what I claim as new and desire to secureiby Letters Patent of the United States is:

*1. In a machine of the class described, an

abrading element and a work holder arranged for relative oscillatory movement one toward or from the other andalso for relative movement in a pathtransverse to that ment, the abradingelement and the templet being located at the same side of the axis of oscillation of the work carrier and the templet being located closer to said axis than the point of contact between the work and the abrading element. V

,2. In a machine of the class described, an abrading element and a work holder arranged for relative'oscillatory movement one toward or from the other and also for relative movementfina path transverse to that of said 0s; eillatorymovement, and a fixed templetlocated at the same side of the ,axisof said oscillatory movement as the, abraiding ele-' ment for controlling said oscillatory move ment, the work holder being-arranged to present the work to the abrading element at a point substantially twice as far from said axis as said templet.

'3. In a'machine of the class described, the combination with arotary abrading wheel, of a work carrier mounted to oscillate about an axis parallel to that of said wheel and also for reciprocation ina path parallel to said axis, a fixed templet located between said axis andthe pointof contact of the work As hereinbefore stated the withsaid wheel, and a follower carried by the work carrier for cooperating with said templet to control the oscillatory movement of thework carrier. f Y

4. In a machine of the class described, a rotatable grinding wheel, a support for two knives having oppositely curved cutting edges, the knife support being movable-relatively to the grinding wheeLto effectigrindin'g of the knives and also adjustable in a plane transverse to the axis ofsaid wheel, and means for positioning the knives relatively to the knife supportto locate the knife edges in alineinent in a plane extending through the axis ofthe grinding wheel and substantially parallelto the plane of adjustment of the knifesupport. u

p 5. In a machine of the class described, a rotatable grinding wheel, means movable relatively to the grinding wheel for supporting a knife to be ground, a single fixed temporting means andthe templet in unison in v a plane transverse to the axis of the grinding wheel to compensate for wearing away of the grinding wheel.

6? In a machine of the class described, a rotatable grindingwheel, a holder for two knives having oppositely curved. cutting edges, the knife holder being movable relativel to saidwheel to effect the grinding of said nives, anda templet for controlling said relative movement, the knife holder and the templet being adjustable {in unison to compensate for-the wearing away ofthe grinding wheel. u i j 7. In a machine of the class described, a rotatable grindinggwheel, a support movable relatively to the grinding wheel, a knife holder on said support adjustable toward and from said wheel, and a single fixed templet for controlling the movement of'said sup port, saidfsupport and 'saiditemplet being adjustable in unison transversely with respect to the axis of the grinding wheel: to compensate for wearing away of the wheel.

8. In afmachine of theclass-described, a rotatable grinding wheel, a holder for two knives having oppositely curved cutting edges, asupport forsaid holdermovable relatively to the grinding wheel, a templet for controlling the movement of said support,.said support and said templet being adjustable in unison transversely with respect to the axis of the grinding wheel to compensate for wearing away of the wheel, and means for adjusting said support and said templet transversely with respect to the axis of the grinding wheel to compensate for wearing away oftlie wheel.

9. In a machine ofthe class described, a rotatable grinding wheel, a holder for two knives having oppositely. curved cutting edges, a support for said holder movable relatively to thefgrinding wheel, a templet for controlling the movement of said support, said support and said templet'being adjustable in unison transversely with respect to the axis of the grinding wheel to compensate for wearing away of the wheel, and means for versely to the a-Xisof said wheel, a guide rod.

carried by said slide and disposed inparallel 'relation to said axis, a support slidable on said rod and rockable thereon toward and from said wheel, a knife carried by said support and arranged to be traversed across the periphery of said wheel as said support slides upon said rod,and means for adjusting said slide to compensate for wearingaway of the grinding wheel. r

11. In a machine of the class described, a rotatable grinding wheel, a guide rod parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel, a support slidable on said rod and adapted to be rocked thereon toward and from the grinding wheel, a knife block secured to said support with provision for adjustment toward and from the grinding wheel, means-for lo eating uponthe block a pair of right and left chopping knives for a jointing machine with the innerends of their cutting edges transversely alined, means for clamping the knives to the block, and a gage pivoted upon said support, said gage having a hooked end for engaging the knives at the opposed ends of their cutting edges to locate the knives in I unison relatively to the grinding wheel and being adapted to be swung away from the knives when not in use. p 12. In a machine of the class described, a

rotatable grinding wheel, a support for two knives having oppositely curved cutting edges, the knife support being movable'relas 'tively to the grinding wheel to efi'e'ct the grinding of the knives and being adjustable transversely with respect to the axis of the grinding wheel, and means for locating said knives relatively to said support with the points ofgrinding contact located in a plane passing through the axis of the wheel and parallel to the plane of said transverse adjustment of the knife support.

13. 'In a machine of the class described,'a rotatable grinding wheel, a holder for two knives having oppositely curved cutting edges, a support for said holder, means for effecting relative movement of said wheel and support to grind the cutting edges of said knives, and a gage normally inoperatively positioned, upon said holder and adapted to be moved into operative position to engage the opposed inner ends of the cutting edges of said knives to locate said knives in predetermined relation to said support.

14. In a machine of the class described, a grinding wheel and a knife holder relatively movable toward and from each other and also in a path parallel to the axis of the wheel, means for securing'to said holder a plurality of knives, and a templet adapted to remain in a fixed position within the machine during the grinding of the plurality said holder a pair of knives having oppositely curved cutting edges, means for locating said knives on the holder with their cutting edges in the same plane and the inner ends of said edges opposed, and a templet adapted to remain in one position within the machine during the grinding of both of said knives and operative upon relative movement of said wheel and said'support to control the grinding of first one of the knives and then the other of the knives.

16. In a machineof'the class described, a rotatable grinding wheel and a knife holder relatively movable one toward and from the other, said knife holder being adapted to support two knives of the same dimensions but having oppositely curved cutting edges, means for locating the knives in said holder with their cuttingedges symmetrically opposed, and a templet for controlling the relative motion between the grinding wheel and knife holder, said templet having a contour geometrically dissimilar to that of the cutting edges of the knives. l

17. In a machineof the class described,

an abrading element and a work holder arranged for relatively oscillatory movement one toward or from'the other and also for relative'movement in a path transverse to that of said oscillatory movement, and a templet for controlling said oscillatory movement, said templet having a curvature which changes less rapidly'per unit of length and the inclination of which at every corresponding point is less steep, than the work to be abraded.

18. In a machine of the class described, an

abrading element and a work holder artemplet for controlling said oscillatory movement, the difference in height between the high and low points of the templet being only substantially one-half as great as the difference inrheight between the corresponding points of the edge of the work, while the linear distances between corresponding points of the templet and work are equal.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ALFRED B. FOWVLER. 

